{"componentChunkName":"component---src-templates-blog-detail-tsx","path":"/blog/2020-07-16-serverlessdays-jingdong","result":{"data":{"currentBlog":{"id":"7a740ddd-e8dd-5a94-b4a7-f78a8175ccb5","frontmatter":{"thumbnail":"https://img.serverlesscloud.cn/2020720/1595232134658-1594123221943-%E4%BA%AC%E4%B8%9C%E6%99%BA%E8%BF%9E%E4%BA%91.jpg","authors":["朱琅"],"categories":["news"],"date":"2020-07-16T00:00:00.000Z","title":"京东智联云在 Serverless 的探索","description":"本文整理自 ServerlessDay · China 大会，讲师为京东智联云的 PaaS 产品负责⼈朱琅。","authorslink":null,"translators":null,"translatorslink":null,"tags":["ServerlessDays","Meetup"],"keywords":"Serverless, ServerlessDays, Serverless实践,","outdated":null},"wordCount":{"words":910,"sentences":64,"paragraphs":64},"fileAbsolutePath":"/opt/build/repo/content/blog/2020-07-16-serverlessdays-jingdong.md","fields":{"slug":"/blog/2020-07-16-serverlessdays-jingdong/","keywords":["serverless","spa","Serverless","服务","FaaS","京东","代码"]},"html":"
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本文整理自 ServerlessDay · China 大会 - 《京东智联云在 Serverless 的探索》的分享，讲师为京东智联云的 PaaS 产品负责⼈朱琅。

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本文主要分为三部分：

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Serverless 的概念和定义

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提到 Serverless，⼤家基本上第⼀时间会想到的就是 AWS lambda，没错，让 Serverless 这个名称真正⽕起来的其实就是 AWS 推出的 FaaS 服务 -- Lambda，它是⼀个平台，允许你在云上允许独⽴的代码段，通过预先设置好的事件触发代码的运⾏。

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除了 FaaS 之外，还有BaaS，虽然和 Blockchain as a Service 的缩写⼀样，但它其实是 Backend as a Service -- 后端即服务的缩写，⽆需编写/管理所有服务端组件，与虚拟机和容器相⽐，概念上更接近 SaaS（软件即服务），BaaS 服务都是领域通⽤的组件服务，通过 API 调⽤的⽅式来使⽤。

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说完了定义，再来看下 Serverless 的发展史。

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在过去提到云计算，⼤家⽿熟能详的就是 IaaS，PaaS，SaaS，那么这个 FaaS 和其他三者什么区别？在我的定义⾥⾯，操作系统以上都需要⾃运维的属于 IaaS；PaaS 其实和 FaaS 是⼏乎⼀样的，除了应⽤这⼀层之外，其他都是由云服务提供商来进⾏运维；SaaS 最简单，现成的，直接上⼿使⽤即可。

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⼤家可能会好奇，既然你说 FaaS 和 PaaS ⼏乎⼀样，那么为什么不直接称之为 PaaS 呢。不着急，我们先来看看这个：CloudFoundry，可能有⼀些⼈会⽐较陌⽣，但是如果你是属于云计算的⽼兵，那么你肯定不会陌⽣。

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AWS 是 2006 年推出的，国内最早的阿⾥云也是在 09 年才成⽴，其实到了 2012 年左右，云计算的概念才慢慢传到国内，我是 2013 年开始涉⾜云计算，那时候其实就已经开始 IaaS，PaaS，SaaS 的竞争，有的公司从 IaaS 做起，有的直接从 PaaS 或者 SaaS 开始做起；那时候提到 PaaS，肯定就会提到 CloudFoundry（业界⾸个开源的 PaaS 平台），很多互联⽹企业基于 CloudFoundry 构建了 PaaS 云服务，\n⽐如：京东的 JAE，新浪的 SAE，百度的私有云等等。

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当我第⼀次接触 FaaS 的时候，我第⼀个感觉就是， 咦，这个和 CloudFoundry 很相似啊，在你向 CloudFoundry 发布应⽤的时候，对执⾏环境有要求，明确选择你是基于什么开发语⾔以及版本，如果当前平台不⽀持，那么你其实也是⽆法部署运⾏起来的，其次平台也提供了⾃动弹性伸缩，⾃动服务⾼可⽤，以及⽹关/路由等服务，然后你发现两者的最⼤区别在于， CloudFoundry 平台上提供的是⼀个常驻服务，但是 FaaS 是⼀个事件触发代码运⾏的服务。

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为了让⼤家更直观的理解，我们来看下这个。

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在裸⾦属时代，从硬件到代码都是需要⾃运维的，到了后来出现了虚拟化，像各家云上的云主机服务，使⽤者只需要关注操作系统以上这⼀层即可，再到后来的容器技术出现，使⽤者是需要关注容器⾃身和业务代码即可，⽬前 CloudFoundry 平台就是提供了容器服务，⽤户将\n⾃⼰的业务代码部署到容器中，作为⼀个常驻服务运⾏起来。最右边就是 Function 了，⽤户连容器都不需要\n⾃⼰维护了，只需要关注代码即可。

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每⼀项新技术的出现即是为了解决当前的技术遇到的问题，同时新技术的采⽤也必然会引⼊新的问题。⾸先说下 Serverless 的优势：

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接着说下 Serverless 的劣势：

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Serverless 在京东智联云的应⽤和实践

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介绍完 Serverless 的概念和定义，接下来看看 Serverless 在京东智联云的应⽤和实践。

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⾸先我们来看下⽬前在京东智联云上已经提供的 Serverless 服务列表都分别有哪些：

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接下来详细看下京东智联云的 FaaS 服务技术架构图。

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中间粉⾊框起来的这部分属于 Faas 的内部系统模块；

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在整个系统中，trigger、dispatcher、scheduler 服务都会和 etcd 服务进⾏交互，通过 etcd 来确保数据的⼀致性以及进⾏⼀些选主操作。

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⽬前 FaaS 已经接⼊的事件源分别是 API ⽹关，OSS【对象存储】，云事件（有点类似通知服务，可以定义事件源，⽐如是某⼀个资源的监控指标触发了条件之后，会调⽤ FaaS 服务），还有就是 JQS【队列服务】；前三者事件采⽤主动推送的⽅式，JQS 的事件是通过 FaaS 主动去轮询获取的。FaaS 接收到 API ⽹关的事件会采⽤同步处理⽅式，其他三者会采⽤异步处理的⽅式。

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在使⽤新技术前的第⼀步⾸先是了解新技术是⼲嘛的，接下来就是如何基于新技术对现有的业务进⾏改造。

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下⾯，我们以⼀个简单的单体应⽤为例，这是⼀个 B/S 类型的业务，Server 是⼀个单体应⽤，采⽤ MVC 的架构，涵盖了 HTML，JS，Service，Data Access ⼏个模块，数据采⽤ Database 进⾏存储；除了 Database 之外，其他的服务都需要⾃开发和运维。

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针对这个应⽤进⾏ Serverless 化之后，就变成了这样的架构，HTML，JS 的静态⽂件通过 OSS 来进⾏存 储，⽤户认证采⽤单独的 User Authentication 第三⽅服务，不再需要⾃⼰开发单独的 service 服务来处理⽤户登录认证问题；⽽其他业务逻辑就使⽤ FaaS 来进⾏部署，通过 API Gateway 对外暴露，当浏览器触发业务调⽤的时候，就会触发相应的 FaaS 服务。通过 Serverless 化，真正需要开发的功能就只剩下 FaaS 的业务代码⽽已了，相对传统⽅式便捷了很多。

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接下来，看看京东是如何使⽤ Serverless 服务的。

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案例⼀，是京⻨消息平台，京⻨是京东给商家提供的⼀个⼯具服务市场，通过这个市场可以下载聊天⼯具， 订单推送⼯具，运营分析⼯具等。下⾯这个图是京⻨的消息平台服务，会实时的将订单、商品、售后等信息 通过加⼯处理之后，发送到京东智联云的 JQS 当中，JQS是全托管的基于 Serverless 架构的消息队列服务，相应的⼯具会从对应的 JQS 中获取到相应的信息，并把相应的信息展示给对应的商家。由于消息源的消息量是动态变化的，所以对消息队列的集群处理能⼒需求也是动态的，所以 JQS 很好的满⾜了京⻨的诉求， 根据真实⽤量付费。

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案例⼆，是京喜报警平台，京喜是京东旗下以拼购业务为核⼼的社交电商平台。当平台服务有报警信息进⼊到消息队列，会触发对应的业务线的报警处理的 FaaS 服务，根据 MQ 中的报警内容，做出相应的响应事 件，可以是发短信，发邮件，或者是打电话。同时针对固定的报警逻辑，可以执⾏诸如重启服务，清理数据等相关操作。

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因为本身报警就不是常态，并且随着业务的增加，如果有⼀个常驻服务来处理报警业务，这样难免会照成资源浪费，采⽤ FaaS 就可以很好的避免资源浪费的情况，当有报警产⽣的时候，再运⾏相应的服务来处理报警。

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以上两个是⽐较简单的京东在使⽤ Serverless 服务的场景，当然还有更多的复杂场景也会使⽤到。就像上⾯所讲，Serverless 并⾮万能，不能满⾜所有场景的诉求，但是我还是依然很看好它的未来。

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Serverless 的挑战与未来

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在未来的 Serverless 形态中，还是存在很多的挑战需要去解决：

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  1. 新的 BaaS 服务，可以提供临时和持久的存储服务，这样就可以避免购买常驻的存储服务，从⽽降低相关费⽤的开销
    2. \n
  2. 在符合 Serverless 理念的情况下，降低服务间的调⽤开销；对于⼀个线上的业务系统⽽⾔，低延迟是永远逃避不了的话题，如何采⽤ Serverless 的情况下，⼜能满⾜业务需求是 serverless ⼤规模使⽤的前提
    3. \n
  3. 软硬结合，提供更⾼的处理性能；针对在 FaaS 平台上运⾏的特定语⾔代码，在硬件层⾯进⾏相关的特殊优化，从⽽实现代码运⾏加速，提⾼性能；
    4. \n
  4. Serverless 技术的采⽤降低 IT ⽀出成本；真正的让⼤家意识到 Serverless 的应⽤可以降低对 IT 的⽀出和投⼊；
    5. \n
  5. 采⽤ Serverless 可以更便捷、更快速的实现功能；通过周边的⼯具，更⽅便的让⽤户使⽤serverless来构建业务系统，真正实现业务的迭代和创新速度
    6. \n
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即使 Serverless 还是有那么多挑战待解决，我对 Serverless 的未来依然充满信息；⽬前在 CNCF 的serverless 版图⾥⾯有越来越多的 Serverless 服务加⼊了进来，相信随着云原⽣的兴起，Serverless 可以搭上这个趟⾼速的列⻋，顺利起⻜。

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我坚信，Serverless 未来可期！

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传送门：

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欢迎访问：Serverless 中文网，您可以在 最佳实践 里体验更多关于 Serverless 应用的开发！

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