![\"项目开发生命周期\"](\"https://img.serverlesscloud.cn/20191227/1577410168549-v2-39310147fa3da94245233a204c6144c1_1200x500.jpg\")
由于 Serverless 平台具备弹性扩缩、免运维、按需付费等特点，越来越多的公司和个人开始使用 Serverless 承载项目。但对于开发者而言，Serverless 一定程度上减少了开发难度，可以让我们聚焦业务逻辑进行开发；但同时，由于 Serverless 颠覆了传统的开发模式，从而在相关的开发工具，函数编排组织上也面临着重大挑战。
\n从一个开发者的角度而言，Serverless 开发和传统的开发方式相比发生了很大的改变。开发者习惯了在本地进行开发，调试，测试和持续集成，持续部署等流程，在面向 Serverless 进行开发时，免不了会有很多疑问：
\n面临开发过程中的种种挑战，开发者工具将从开发者的视角出发，使 Serverless 的项目开发更贴近用户习惯。
\n下面是一张项目开发的生命周期流程图，可以看到，在项目的开发过程中，至少要经历需求、编码、构建、测试、发布、部署和运维等几个阶段。
\n在代码的编码和构建阶段通过持续集成完成代码的自动构建，成为持续集成 CI（Continuous Integration）；在代码的发布和部署阶段，通过配置灰度策略，告警和回滚计划等，从而可以完成代码的持续交付 CD（Continuous Delivery）。
\n此外，在开发者的开发过程中，也会遇到编码、调试和单元测试，集成测试等场景，这些功能的支持也是面向 Serverless 架构进行开发中必不可少的一环。对开发者工具的建设，则会重点解决在整个生命周期中的痛点。
\n
在 Serverless 技术趋势大热的今天，已经涌现出很多面向开发者的解决方案和工具，例如开源的 Serverless Framework，Zappa 和 ClaudiaJS 等工具。
\n开发者工具大部分都通过调用云厂商中 Serverless 产品的 API/SDK，封装底层能力，并提供给客户更加直观便捷的使用方式。目前比较常见的开发工具中，主要分为 CLI 命令行工具以及 IDE 插件这两种形态。虽然展现方式不同，但本质上都是降低了本地开发 Serverless 项目的门槛，并在云平台提供的基础能力上，封装了更多组织和编排的方式。
\n本文将以腾讯云的云函数为例，介绍较为典型的开发工具 —— 腾讯云 Serverless 本地开发工具及 VS Code 插件。
\n腾讯云 Serverless 本地开发工具（SCF CLI）以开源项目的形式维护，目的在于让用户方便的实现函数打包、部署、本地调试，也可以方便的生成云函数的项目并基于 demo 项目进一步的开发。SCF CLI 通过一个函数模板配置文件，完成函数及相关周边资源的描述，并基于配置文件实现本地代码及配置部署到云端的过程。
\n下面我们以一个 Serverless 项目为例，展示 Serverless 开发工具的使用流程：
\n首先，安装并配置了 SCF CLI 后，可以通过 --help 命令查看所支持的命令，之后通过 scf init 命令快速生成一个函数 demo。在创建完毕后，可以看到生成了 index.js 文件和template.yaml 文件。
\n其中，index.js 是函数的入口文件，tempate.yaml 则是通过特定的格式记录了函数的配置信息，如内存大小，超时时间等信息。tempate.yaml 也是后续对函数进行编排和组织的关键。除了简单的 init 命令之外，SCF CLI 也支持从 git 拉取代码和一些已有的函数模板，便于客户基于特定的场景快速开发。
\n在开发过程中，开发者会选取自己熟悉的 IDE 代码编辑器进行代码编写。为了便于更快速直观的进行本地开发和调试，通过腾讯云 VS Code 插件支持了一键调试的能力。
\n首先，可以打开刚创建函数的文件目录，在插件中会自动识别这个函数。之后可以通过 F9 进行断点，F5 启动调试能力。函数调试过程中的输出会打印在 terminal 中，并且支持单步调试，查看变量和堆栈等信息。
\n![\"VSCode\"](\"https://img.serverlesscloud.cn/20191227/1577410168691-v2-39310147fa3da94245233a204c6144c1_1200x500.jpg\")
完成了开发和测试后，也可以分别通过 VS Code 插件或 CLI 进行代码的发布。目前分别支持了zip 打包发布，通过 COS（对象存储）上传并发布，以及通过 git 仓库发布，每次只提交增量修改的文件。在发布完毕后，还可以通过插件中的云端调试，来查看在云端的运行状况和返回日志。
\n![\"VSCode](\"https://img.serverlesscloud.cn/20191227/1577410168528-v2-39310147fa3da94245233a204c6144c1_1200x500.jpg\")
在 VS Code 插件及 CLI 中，可以很方便的将单函数部署在云端，那么如果希望快速发布多个函数时，应该怎样操作呢？
\n目前也可以直接通过 SCF CLI 的 deploy 命令来实现。只需要通过一个 template.yaml 来维护多个函数的信息即可。
\n除了发布之外，还可以通过 template.yaml 文件中的 Global 字段来定义一些函数的通用配置，从而解决开发过程中，希望多个函数共用相同配置的痛点（例如共用相同的环境变量，超时时间和内存等，不需要重复配置）
\n例如，在我的工作空间下，有两个函数「hellotinatest234」以及「testscflinux」需批量部署上传，并且两个函数使用公共配置。则可以在 template.yaml 中分别定义两个函数的属性，并且定义 Global 字段指定公共配置。部署过程和 yaml 的样式如下：
\n![\"多函数部署\"](\"https://img.serverlesscloud.cn/20191227/1577410168641-v2-39310147fa3da94245233a204c6144c1_1200x500.jpg\")
除了开发流程之外，在生产环境异常时，也可以通过 CLI 的 logs --tail 等命令，快速灵活地进行日志查询等，并且可以配合 grep awk 等工具使用。当发布新版本时，采用 tail 模式可以实时打印云端日志，方便开发者快速查看问题。
\n![\"异常排查\"](\"https://img.serverlesscloud.cn/20191227/1577410168524-v2-39310147fa3da94245233a204c6144c1_1200x500.jpg\")
最后是云函数的 DevOps 能力。目前已经支持了和 Jekins，Coding 和蓝鲸平台等对接。并且还在持续对 Coding 平台做更深度的整合，提供开箱即可用的 DevOps 能力。
\n![\"DevOps\"](\"https://img.serverlesscloud.cn/20191227/1577410168565-v2-39310147fa3da94245233a204c6144c1_1200x500.jpg\")
随着 Serverless 生态的逐步完善，工具可以覆盖的场景会越来越多。例如，可以在本地模拟 API 网关的请求，或是通过集成常用的测试框架，对函数进行单元测试和整体性测试等。开发者也有更广阔的空间可以去参与其中，构建一个面向 Serverless 的开发架构。
\n后续开发者工具会更加着重于对函数及函数周边资源的组织方式（网关，DB 等），从项目/应用的维度出发，让开发者可以快速通过工具搭建一个常用的使用场景（如 WEB 网站，文件上传工具等），从而更好地了解 Serverless 项目的组织方式。
\n此外，在持续集成和持续交付的对接中，开发者工具也将支持更便捷，通用的配置，便于规范开发流程，承载大型项目和核心业务。
\n\n\n传送门：
\n\n
\n- GitHub: github.com/serverless
\n- 官网：serverless.com
\n
欢迎访问：Serverless 中文网，您可以在 最佳实践 里体验更多关于 Serverless 应用的开发！
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