{"componentChunkName":"component---src-templates-best-practice-detail-tsx","path":"/best-practice/2020-02-08-flack-blog","result":{"data":{"currentBlog":{"id":"0d3c3171-691f-55a7-9a9a-3a35d992f615","frontmatter":{"thumbnail":"https://img.serverlesscloud.cn/2020512/1589274779819-flask.jpg","authors":["Anycodes"],"categories":["best-practice"],"date":"2020-02-08T00:00:00.000Z","title":"Serverless 与 Flask 框架结合进行 Blog 开发","description":"本文通过一个博客系统的开发，和大家简单地体验一个基于 Serverless 架构的博客系统长什么样子","authorslink":["https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/ServerlessGo"],"translators":null,"translatorslink":null,"tags":["Serverless","Flask"],"keywords":"Serverless 多环境配置,Serverless 管理环境,Serverless配置方案","outdated":true},"wordCount":{"words":531,"sentences":68,"paragraphs":68},"fileAbsolutePath":"/opt/build/repo/content/best-practice/2020-02-08-flack-blog.md","fields":{"slug":"/best-practice/2020-02-08-flack-blog/","keywords":["go","python","serverless","website","云函数","article","self","environ","aid","category","mysql","stmt","Serverless"]},"html":"

随着时间的发展，Serverless 架构越来越火热，其按量付费、弹性伸缩等诸多优质特性，让人眼前一亮，不得不惊叹云计算为我们带来的便利。

\n

但是就目前而言，与 Serverless 架构相关的业务框架还是比较少的。虽然腾讯云 Serverless 与 serverless.com 联手，已经支持了 Express、Koa、Egg 以及 Flask 等众多项目的轻松上云，但是实际使用过程中，尤其是迁移过程中还是很痛苦的，以这些框架在 Serverless 组件上的表现来看，POST/GET 的参数传输方法，原生获取比较难，这可能导致原有项目上云要经历较大的改造。

\n

当然，除了刚才说的原生框架直接部署在 Serverless 架构上，直接在 Serverless 架构开发的框架，也是少得可怜，所以本实践通过一个博客系统的开发，和大家简单地体验一下基于 Serverless 架构的博客系统是什么样的。

\n

开发前的思考

\n
    \n
  1. 博客系统需要哪些功能？本文仅仅是 demo 性质，所以功能比较少，只有两个页面。具有文章管理、分类管理、标签管理以及留言管理等功能。同时为了方便用户管理，要有前台和后台两部分。
    2. \n
  2. 前台如何做？前台可能是用户流量比较大的（相对后台而言），所以这部分就是用单独的函数。每个功能一个函数，初步判断前台可能需要：获取文章分类，获取文章列表，获取评论列表，增加评论，获取标签列表等接口。
    3. \n
  3. 后台如何做？后台理论上是管理员的专属地盘，所以这一部分流量比较小，可以通过 flask-admin，放入到一个函数中来解决。
    4. \n
  4. 为什么前台要那么多函数，后台用一个框架？整个项目就用一个框架不好么？首先要回答，整个项目用一个框架也是可以的，但是并不好。例如这个项目的后台，使用的是 Flask 框架，用了 flask-admin 来做后台管理，这个开发过程很简单，可能整个后台就一百来行代码就搞定了，但是这涉及到：
    5. \n
  5. 网页的返回，需要 APIGW 开启响应集成，响应集成的性能其实很差，所以相对来说，不太适合放在前端；
    6. \n
  6. 一个完整项目比较大，可能需要的资源也会更多，那么我们就需要给这个函数更多的资源内存，可能会导致收费的增加，例如我的后台给的资源是 1024，我的前端每个函数给的内存资源是 128/256，在执行同样时间的时候，明显后者的费用降低了 4~8 倍。同样，函数可能涉及大冷启动，冷启动一个函数和冷启动函数中的一个完整的框架/项目，前者的速度和性能可能会更好一下；
    7. \n
  7. 函数都有并发上限的，如果所有的资源全都请求到一个函数，那么很可能实际用户并发几个的时候，对用的函数并发就可能是几十几百，这很可能在用户稍微多一点的情况下，就会触及用户实例的上限限制，后台功能是非频繁功能，前台相对来说是更频繁的，所以前台是用单独接口更合理。
    8. \n
  8. 登陆功能怎么做？非常抱歉，函数并不能像传统开发，将客户的一些登录信息缓存到机器上，但是客户端依旧可以使用 cookie，所以利用这个方法，可以做以下流程：
    9. \n
  9. 后台登录入口处，拉取 APIGW 传过来的 APIGW Event，看其中 headers/cookie 是否存在，不存在就会返回登录页面；
    10. \n
  10. 如果 headers/cookie 存在，取 cookie 中的 token 字段，判断 token 字段是否和服务端的 token 字段吻合，吻合进入系统后台，不吻合返回登录页面
    11. \n
  11. 用户登录，请求后台的登陆功能，如果账号密码正确，则返回给用户一个 token，客户端将 token 记录到 cookie 中
    12. \n
  12. \n

    问题来了：

    \n\n
    13. \n
  13. 项目本地开发如何进行调试？众所周知 Serverless 架构的本地调试很难。确实如此，虽然说本地调试很困难，但也不是不能越过去的，可以根据项目自己的需求，来做一些调试策略。
    14. \n
\n

项目开发

\n

项目开发过程主要就是数据库的增删改查，为了更加适应 Serverless 架构下的项目开发，也为了提高项目的开发效率特总结了相关的开发技巧和经验。

\n

数据库设计

\n

由于是做一个简单的博客，所以数据库相对设计比较简单，只有文章表、分类表以及标签表、评论表等，整体的 ER 图如下所示：

\n

\"ER

\n

本地开发与调试

\n

对于开发调试，我在每个函数后面增加了对应触发器的调试方案，例如 APIGW 触发器，我增加了以下代码：

\n\n \n 复制代码\n \n \n
def test():\n    event = {\n        "requestContext": {\n            "serviceId": "service-f94sy04v",\n            "path": "/test/{path}",\n            "httpMethod": "POST",\n            "requestId": "c6af9ac6-7b61-11e6-9a41-93e8deadbeef",\n            "identity": {\n                "secretId": "abdcdxxxxxxxsdfs"\n            },\n            "sourceIp": "14.17.22.34",\n            "stage": "release"\n        },\n        "headers": {\n            "Accept-Language": "en-US,en,cn",\n            "Accept": "text/html,application/xml,application/json",\n            "Host": "service-3ei3tii4-251000691.ap-guangzhou.apigateway.myqloud.com",\n            "User-Agent": "User Agent String"\n        },\n        "body": json.dumps({"id": 1}),\n         .... ....\n    }\n    print(main_handler(event, None))\n\n\nif __name__ == "__main__":\n    test()
\n

在实际上，我每次想要看一下运行效果，我都会执行这个文件：

\n\n \n 复制代码\n \n \n
{'id': 1, 'title': '', 'watched': 1, 'category': '热点新闻', 'publish': '2020-02-13 00:45:52', 'tags': [], 'next': {}, 'pre': {}}\n{'uuid': '749ca9f6-4dfb-11ea-9c5b-acde48001122', 'error': False, 'message': ''}
\n

可以认为，是在通过本地模拟一些线上环境。当然，如果有 redis 等一些需要内网资源的函数，就比较麻烦，但是我这做法，可以用于绝大部分函数。包括后台的 Flaks 框架部分：

\n
def test():\n    event = {'body': 'name=sdsadasdsadasd&remark=', 'headerParameters': {}, 'headers': {\n        'accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9',\n        'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'accept-language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9', 'cache-control': 'no-cache',\n        'connection': 'keep-alive', 'content-length': '27', 'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',\n        'cookie': 'Hm_lvt_a0c900918361b31d762d9cf4dc81ee5b=1574491278,1575257377', 'endpoint-timeout': '15',\n        'host': 'blog.0duzhan.com', 'origin': 'http://blog.0duzhan.com', 'pragma': 'no-cache',\n        'proxy-connection': 'keep-alive', 'referer': 'http://blog.0duzhan.com/admin/tag/new/?url=%2Fadmin%2Ftag%2F',\n        'upgrade-insecure-requests': '1',\n        'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/79.0.3945.130 Safari/537.36',\n        'x-anonymous-consumer': 'true', 'x-api-requestid': '656622f3b008a0d406a376809b03b52c',\n        'x-b3-traceid': '656622f3b008a0d406a376809b03b52c', 'x-qualifier': '$LATEST'}, 'httpMethod': 'POST',\n             'path': '/admin/tag/new/', 'pathParameters': {}, 'queryString': {'url': '/admin/tag/'},\n             'queryStringParameters': {},\n             'requestContext': {'httpMethod': 'ANY', 'identity': {}, 'path': '/admin', 'serviceId': 'service-23ybmuq7',\n                                'sourceIp': '119.123.224.87', 'stage': 'release'}}\n    print(main_handler(event, None))\n\n\nif __name__ == "__main__":\n    test()
\n

index 执行结果：

\n\\n\\n\\n \\n Title\\n \\n\\n\\n\\n

Serverless Blog 后台管理

\\n 管理账号：
\\n 管理密码：
\\n
\\n
\\n\\n'}`, `57603419070781990000`)\"\n >\n \n 复制代码\n \n \n
{'body': 'name=sdsadasdsadasd&remark=', 'headerParameters': {}, 'headers': {'accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9', 'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'accept-language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9', 'cache-control': 'no-cache', 'connection': 'keep-alive', 'content-length': '27', 'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded', 'cookie': 'Hm_lvt_a0c900918361b31d762d9cf4dc81ee5b=1574491278,1575257377', 'endpoint-timeout': '15', 'host': 'blog.0duzhan.com', 'origin': 'http://blog.0duzhan.com', 'pragma': 'no-cache', 'proxy-connection': 'keep-alive', 'referer': 'http://blog.0duzhan.com/admin/tag/new/?url=%2Fadmin%2Ftag%2F', 'upgrade-insecure-requests': '1', 'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/79.0.3945.130 Safari/537.36', 'x-anonymous-consumer': 'true', 'x-api-requestid': '656622f3b008a0d406a376809b03b52c', 'x-b3-traceid': '656622f3b008a0d406a376809b03b52c', 'x-qualifier': '$LATEST'}, 'httpMethod': 'POST', 'path': '/admin/tag/new/', 'pathParameters': {}, 'queryString': {'url': '/admin/tag/'}, 'queryStringParameters': {}, 'requestContext': {'httpMethod': 'ANY', 'identity': {}, 'path': '/admin', 'serviceId': 'service-23ybmuq7', 'sourceIp': '119.123.224.87', 'stage': 'release'}}\n{'isBase64Encoded': False, 'statusCode': 200, 'headers': {'Content-Type': 'text/html'}, 'body': '<!DOCTYPE html>\\n<html lang="en">\\n<head>\\n    <meta charset="UTF-8">\\n    <title>Title</title>\\n    <script>\\n        var url = window.location.href\\n        url = url.split("admin")[0] + "admin"\\n        String.prototype.endWith = function (s) {\\n            var d = this.length - s.length;\\n            return (d >= 0 && this.lastIndexOf(s) == d)\\n        }\\n        if (window.location.href != url) {\\n            if (!window.location.href.endsWith("admin") || !window.location.href.endsWith("admin/"))\\n                window.location = url\\n        }\\n\\n        function doLogin() {\\n            var xmlhttp = window.XMLHttpRequest ? (new XMLHttpRequest()) : (new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"))\\n            xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function () {\\n                if (xmlhttp.readyState == 4 && xmlhttp.status == 200) {\\n                    if (JSON.parse(xmlhttp.responseText)["token"]) {\\n                        document.cookie = "token=" + JSON.parse(xmlhttp.responseText)["token"];\\n                        window.location = `http://${window.location.host}/admin`\\n                    } else {\\n                        alert(JSON.parse(xmlhttp.responseText)["message"])\\n                    }\\n                }\\n            }\\n            xmlhttp.open("POST", window.location.pathname, true);\\n            xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Content-type", "application/json");\\n            xmlhttp.send(JSON.stringify({\\n                "username": document.getElementById("username").value,\\n                "password": document.getElementById("password").value,\\n            }));\\n        }\\n    </script>\\n</head>\\n<body>\\n\\n<center><h1>Serverless Blog 后台管理</h1>\\n    管理账号：<input type="text" id="username"><br>\\n    管理密码：<input type="password" id="password"><br>\\n    <input type="reset"><input type="submit" onclick="doLogin()"><br>\\n</center>\\n</body>\\n</html>'}
\n

Flask部署

\n

Flask 部署到 Serverless 架构可以用 @serverless/tencent-flask，但是这里为了更加深入了解传统框架如何部署到 Serverless 架构，所以此处自行「造轮子」实现，先来看一张图：

\n

\n

在通常情况下，我们使用 Flask 等框架实际上要通过 webserver，进入到下一个环节，而我们云函数更多是一个函数，本不需要启动 web server，所以我们就可以直接调用 `wsgiapp这个方法，其中这里的 environ 就是我们刚才的通过对 event/context 等进行处理后的对象，start_response` 可以认为是我们的一种特殊的数据结构，例如我们的 response 结构形态等。所以，如果我们自己想要实现这个过程，不使用腾讯云 flask-component，可以这样做：

\n\n \n 复制代码\n \n \n
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-\n# Copyright 2016 Matt Martz\n# All Rights Reserved.\n#\n#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\"); you may\n#    not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain\n#    a copy of the License at\n#\n#         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n#\n#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n#    distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS, WITHOUT\n#    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the\n#    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations\n#    under the License.\n\nimport sys\nimport json\n\ntry:\n    from urllib import urlencode\nexcept ImportError:\n    from urllib.parse import urlencode\n\nfrom flask import Flask\n\ntry:\n    from cStringIO import StringIO\nexcept ImportError:\n    try:\n        from StringIO import StringIO\n    except ImportError:\n        from io import StringIO\n\nfrom werkzeug.wrappers import BaseRequest\n\n__version__ = '0.0.4'\n\n\ndef make_environ(event):\n    environ = {}\n\n    for hdr_name, hdr_value in event['headers'].items():\n        hdr_name = hdr_name.replace('-', '_').upper()\n        if hdr_name in ['CONTENT_TYPE', 'CONTENT_LENGTH']:\n            environ[hdr_name] = hdr_value\n            continue\n\n        http_hdr_name = 'HTTP_%s' % hdr_name\n        environ[http_hdr_name] = hdr_value\n\n    apigateway_qs = event['queryStringParameters']\n    request_qs = event['queryString']\n    qs = apigateway_qs.copy()\n    qs.update(request_qs)\n\n    body = ''\n    if 'body' in event:\n        body = event['body']\n\n    environ['REQUEST_METHOD'] = event['httpMethod']\n    environ['PATH_INFO'] = event['path']\n    environ['QUERY_STRING'] = urlencode(qs) if qs else ''\n    environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] = 80\n    environ['HOST'] = event['headers']['host']\n    environ['SCRIPT_NAME'] = ''\n\n    environ['SERVER_PORT'] = 80\n    environ['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] = 'HTTP/1.1'\n\n    environ['CONTENT_LENGTH'] = str(len(body))\n\n    environ['wsgi.url_scheme'] = ''\n    environ['wsgi.input'] = StringIO(body)\n    environ['wsgi.version'] = (1, 0)\n    environ['wsgi.errors'] = sys.stderr\n    environ['wsgi.multithread'] = False\n    environ['wsgi.run_once'] = True\n    environ['wsgi.multiprocess'] = False\n\n    BaseRequest(environ)\n\n    return environ\n\n\nclass LambdaResponse(object):\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.status = None\n        self.response_headers = None\n\n    def start_response(self, status, response_headers, exc_info=None):\n        self.status = int(status[:3])\n        self.response_headers = dict(response_headers)\n\n\nclass FlaskLambda(Flask):\n    def __call__(self, event, context):\n        if 'httpMethod' not in event:\n            print('httpMethod not in event')\n            # In this \"context\" `event` is `environ` and\n            # `context` is `start_response`, meaning the request didn't\n            # occur via API Gateway and Lambda\n            return super(FlaskLambda, self).__call__(event, context)\n\n        response = LambdaResponse()\n        # print response.start_response\n\n        body = next(self.wsgi_app(\n            make_environ(event),\n            response.start_response\n        ))\n\n        # return {\n        # \"isBase64Encoded\": False,\n        # \"statusCode\": 200,\n        # \"headers\": {'Content-Type': 'text/html'},\n        # \"body\": body\n        # }\n\n        return {\n            'statusCode': response.status,\n            'headers': response.response_headers,\n            'body': body\n        }
\n

这个代码，可以将 APIGW 过来的请求，变成请求集成的形式，传送给 Flask 框架，用户可以通过 request.form 来获取 post 内容，通过 request.args 获取 get 内容等。

\n

全局变量

\n

全局变量可能包括用户账号，密码，云的密钥信息，数据库信息等，为了统一配置和修改，可以使用我自己写的全局变量组件：

\n\n \n 复制代码\n \n \n
# 函数们的整体配置信息\nConf:\n  component: "serverless-global"\n  inputs:\n    region: ap-shanghai\n    runtime: Python3.6\n    handler: index.main_handler\n    include_common: ./common\n    blog_user: Dfounder\n    blog_email: service@anycodes.cn\n    blog_about_me: 这就是我的博客\n    blog_host: blog.0duzhan.com\n    website_title: Serverless Blog System\n    website_keywords: Serverless, Serverless Framework, Tencent Cloud, SCF\n    website_description: 一款基于腾讯云Serverless架构，并且采用Serverless Framework构建的Serverless博客系统。\n    website_bucket: serverless-blog-1256773370\n    mysql_host:\n    mysql_user: root\n    mysql_password:\n    mysql_port: 60510\n    mysql_db: serverless_blog_system\n    admin_user: mytest\n    admin_password: mytestabc\n    tencent_secret_id:\n    tencent_secret_key:\n    tencent_appid:
\n

在使用的时候，可以直接用，例如函数：

\n\n \n 复制代码\n \n \n
Blog_Web_addComment:\n  component: "@serverless/tencent-scf"\n  inputs:\n    name: Blog_Web_addComment\n    description: 添加评论\n    codeUri: ./cloudFunctions/addComment\n    handler: ${Conf.handler}\n    runtime: ${Conf.runtime}\n    region:  ${Conf.region}\n    include:\n      - ${Conf.include_common}\n    environment:\n      variables:\n        mysql_host: ${Conf.mysql_host}\n        mysql_port: ${Conf.mysql_port}\n        mysql_user: ${Conf.mysql_user}\n        mysql_password: ${Conf.mysql_password}\n        mysql_db: ${Conf.mysql_db}
\n

项目初始化

\n

为了让项目更容易初始化，例如我修改网站的名字，描述，关键词，或者我需要建立数据库等。所以这个时候我单独做了一个 init 文件：

\n\n \n 复制代码\n \n \n
# -*- coding: utf8 -*-\nimport pymysql\nimport shutil\nimport yaml\nimport os\n\n\ndef setEnv():\n    try:\n        file = open("./serverless.yaml", 'r', encoding="utf-8")\n        file_data = file.read()\n        file.close()\n\n        data = yaml.load(file_data)\n        for eveKey, eveValue in data['Conf']['inputs'].items():\n            os.environ[eveKey] = str(eveValue)\n        return True\n    except Exception as e:\n        raise e\n\n\ndef initDb():\n    try:\n        conn = pymysql.connect(host=os.environ.get('mysql_host'),\n                               user=os.environ.get('mysql_user'),\n                               password=os.environ.get('mysql_password'),\n                               port=int(os.environ.get('mysql_port')),\n                               charset='utf8')\n        cursor = conn.cursor()\n        sql = "CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS {db_name}".format(db_name=os.environ.get('mysql_db'))\n        cursor.execute(sql)\n        cursor.close()\n        conn.close()\n        return True\n    except Exception as e:\n        raise e\n\n\ndef initTable():\n    try:\n        conn = pymysql.connect(host=os.environ.get('mysql_host'),\n                               user=os.environ.get('mysql_user'),\n                               password=os.environ.get('mysql_password'),\n                               port=int(os.environ.get('mysql_port')),\n                               db=os.environ.get('mysql_db'),\n                               charset='utf8',\n                               cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor,\n                               autocommit=1)\n        cursor = conn.cursor()\n        createTags = "CREATE TABLE `tags` ( `tid` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , `name` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL , `remark` TEXT NULL , PRIMARY KEY (`tid`), UNIQUE (`name`)) ENGINE = InnoDB;"\n        createCategory = "CREATE TABLE `category` ( `cid` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , `name` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL , `sorted` INT NOT NULL DEFAULT '1' , `remark` TEXT NULL , PRIMARY KEY (`cid`), UNIQUE (`name`)) ENGINE = InnoDB;"\n        createComments = "CREATE TABLE `comments` ( `cid` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , `content` TEXT NOT NULL , `publish` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP , `user` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL , `email` VARCHAR(255) NULL , `photo` INT NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' ,  `article` INT NOT NULL , `remark` TEXT NULL , `uni_mark` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL , `is_show` INT NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' , PRIMARY KEY (`cid`), UNIQUE (`uni_mark`)) ENGINE = InnoDB;"\n        createArticle = "CREATE TABLE `article` ( `aid` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , `title` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL , `content` TEXT NOT NULL , `description` TEXT NOT NULL , `publish` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP , `watched` INT NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' , `category` INT NOT NULL , `remark` TEXT NULL , PRIMARY KEY (`aid`)) ENGINE = InnoDB;"\n        createArticleTags = "CREATE TABLE `article_tags` ( `atid` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , `aid` INT NOT NULL , `tid` INT NOT NULL , PRIMARY KEY (`atid`)) ENGINE = InnoDB;"\n        alertArticleTagsArticle = "ALTER TABLE `article_tags` ADD CONSTRAINT `article` FOREIGN KEY (`aid`) REFERENCES `article`(`aid`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE; "\n        alertArticleTagsTags = "ALTER TABLE `article_tags` ADD CONSTRAINT `tags` FOREIGN KEY (`tid`) REFERENCES `tags`(`tid`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;"\n        alertArticleCategory = "ALTER TABLE `article` ADD CONSTRAINT `category` FOREIGN KEY (`category`) REFERENCES `category`(`cid`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;"\n        alertCommentsArticle = "ALTER TABLE `comments` ADD CONSTRAINT `article_comments` FOREIGN KEY (`article`) REFERENCES `article`(`aid`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;"\n        cursor.execute(createTags)\n        cursor.execute(createCategory)\n        cursor.execute(createComments)\n        cursor.execute(createArticle)\n        cursor.execute(createArticleTags)\n        cursor.execute(alertArticleTagsArticle)\n        cursor.execute(alertArticleTagsTags)\n        cursor.execute(alertArticleCategory)\n        cursor.execute(alertCommentsArticle)\n        cursor.close()\n        conn.close()\n        return True\n    except Exception as e:\n        raise e\n\n\ndef initHTML():\n    try:\n        tempPath = "website"\n        tempDist = os.path.join(tempPath, "dist")\n        if os.path.exists(tempDist):\n            shutil.rmtree(tempDist)\n        tempFileList = []\n        for eve in os.walk(tempPath):\n            if eve[2]:\n                for eveFile in eve[2]:\n                    tempFileList.append(os.path.join(eve[0], eveFile))\n        os.mkdir(tempDist)\n        for eve in tempFileList:\n            temp = os.path.split(eve.replace(tempPath, tempDist))\n            if not os.path.exists(temp[0]):\n                os.makedirs(temp[0])\n            if eve.endswith(".html") or eve.endswith(".htm"):\n                with open(eve) as readData:\n                    with open(eve.replace(tempPath, tempDist), "w") as writeData:\n                        writeData.write(readData.read().\n                                        replace('{{ user }}', os.environ.get('blog_user')).\n                                        replace('{{ email }}', os.environ.get('blog_email')).\n                                        replace('{{ title }}', os.environ.get('website_title')).\n                                        replace('{{ keywords }}', os.environ.get('website_keywords')).\n                                        replace('{{ about_me }}', os.environ.get('blog_about_me')).\n                                        replace('{{ host }}', os.environ.get('blog_host')).\n                                        replace('{{ description }}', os.environ.get('website_description')))\n            else:\n                shutil.copy(eve, eve.replace(tempPath, tempDist))\n        return True\n    except Exception as e:\n        raise e\n\n\nif __name__ == "__main__":\n    print("获取Yaml数据： ", setEnv())\n    print("建立数据库：", initDb())\n    print("建立数据库：", initTable())\n    print("初始化HTML：", initHTML())
\n

公共组件的开发

\n

在项目中会有很多公共组件，例如数据库的部分，所以我把数据库的代码，统一放到了一起：common/mysqlCommon.py:

\n%s)"\n ) if articleType == "next" else (\n "SELECT * FROM \\`article\\` WHERE aid=(select max(aid) from \\`article\\` where aid<%s)"\n )\n result = self.doAction(search_stmt, (aid))\n if result == False:\n return False\n article = result.fetchone()\n return {\n "id": article["aid"],\n "title": article["title"]\n } if article else {}\n\n def getComments(self, aid):\n search_stmt = (\n "SELECT * FROM \\`comments\\` WHERE article=%s AND is_show=1 ORDER BY -cid LIMIT 100;"\n )\n result = self.doAction(search_stmt, (aid))\n if result == False:\n return False\n return [{"content": eveComment['content'],\n "publish": str(eveComment['publish']),\n "user": eveComment['user'],\n "remark": eveComment['remark']} for eveComment in result.fetchall()]\n\n def addComment(self, content, user, email, aid):\n insert_stmt = (\n "INSERT INTO \\`comments\\` (\\`cid\\`, \\`content\\`, \\`publish\\`, \\`user\\`, \\`email\\`, \\`article\\`, \\`uni_mark\\`) "\n "VALUES (NULL, %s, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, %s, %s, %s, %s)"\n )\n result = self.doAction(insert_stmt, (content, user, email, aid, hashlib.md5(\n ("%s----%s----%s----%s" % (str(content), str(user), str(email), str(aid))).encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()))\n return False if result == False else True\n\n def updateArticleWatched(self, wid):\n update_stmt = (\n "UPDATE \\`article\\` SET \\`watched\\`=\\`watched\\`+1 WHERE \\`aid\\` = %s"\n )\n return False if self.doAction(update_stmt, (wid)) == False else True\n\n def getPicture(self, content):\n resultList =[eve[1] for eve in re.findall('', content)]\n return resultList[0] if resultList else self.getDefaultPic()\n\n\n def getTag(self, tag):\n search_stmt = (\n "SELECT * FROM \\`tags\\` WHERE name=%s;"\n )\n result = self.doAction(search_stmt, (tag,))\n return False if not result or result.rowcount == 0 else result.fetchone()['tid']\n\n def addTag(self, tag):\n insert_stmt = (\n "INSERT INTO \\`tags\\` (\\`tid\\`, \\`name\\`, \\`remark\\`) "\n "VALUES (NULL, %s, NULL)"\n )\n result = self.doAction(insert_stmt, (tag))\n return False if result == False else result.lastrowid\n\n def addArticleTag(self, article, tag):\n insert_stmt = (\n "INSERT INTO \\`article_tags\\` (\\`atid\\`, \\`aid\\`, \\`tid\\`) "\n "VALUES (NULL, %s, %s)"\n )\n result = self.doAction(insert_stmt, (article, tag))\n return False if result == False else True`, `39326352576652890000`)\"\n >\n \n 复制代码\n \n \n
# -*- coding: utf8 -*-\n\nimport os\nimport re\nimport pymysql\nimport hashlib\nfrom random import choice\n\n\nclass mysqlCommon:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.getConnection({\n            "host": os.environ.get('mysql_host'),\n            "user": os.environ.get('mysql_user'),\n            "port": int(os.environ.get('mysql_port')),\n            "db": os.environ.get('mysql_db'),\n            "password": os.environ.get('mysql_password')\n        })\n\n    def getDefaultPic(self):\n        return choice([\n            'http://t8.baidu.com/it/u=1484500186,1503043093&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=1280&h=853',\n            'http://t8.baidu.com/it/u=2247852322,986532796&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=1280&h=853',\n            'http://t7.baidu.com/it/u=3204887199,3790688592&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=4610&h=2968',\n            'http://t9.baidu.com/it/u=3363001160,1163944807&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=1280&h=830',\n            'http://t9.baidu.com/it/u=583874135,70653437&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=3607&h=2408',\n            'http://t9.baidu.com/it/u=583874135,70653437&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=3607&h=2408',\n            'http://t9.baidu.com/it/u=1307125826,3433407105&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=5760&h=3240',\n            'http://t9.baidu.com/it/u=2268908537,2815455140&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=1280&h=719',\n            'http://t7.baidu.com/it/u=1179872664,290201490&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=1280&h=854',\n            'http://t9.baidu.com/it/u=3949188917,63856583&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=1280&h=875',\n            'http://t9.baidu.com/it/u=2266751744,4253267866&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=1280&h=854',\n            'http://t8.baidu.com/it/u=4100756023,1345858297&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=1280&h=854',\n            'http://t7.baidu.com/it/u=1355385882,1155324943&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=1280&h=854',\n            'http://t9.baidu.com/it/u=2292037961,3689236171&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=1280&h=854',\n            'http://t9.baidu.com/it/u=4241966675,2405819829&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=1280&h=854',\n            'http://t8.baidu.com/it/u=2857883419,1187496708&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=1280&h=763',\n            'http://t8.baidu.com/it/u=198337120,441348595&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=1280&h=732'\n        ])\n\n    def getConnection(self, conf):\n        self.connection = pymysql.connect(host=conf['host'],\n                                          user=conf['user'],\n                                          password=conf['password'],\n                                          port=int(conf['port']),\n                                          db=conf['db'],\n                                          charset='utf8',\n                                          cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor,\n                                          autocommit=1)\n\n    def doAction(self, stmt, data):\n        try:\n            self.connection.ping(reconnect=True)\n            cursor = self.connection.cursor()\n            cursor.execute(stmt, data)\n            result = cursor\n            cursor.close()\n            return result\n        except Exception as e:\n            print(e)\n            try:\n                cursor.close()\n            except:\n                pass\n            return False\n\n    def getCategoryList(self):\n        search_stmt = (\n            "SELECT * FROM `category` ORDER BY `sorted`"\n        )\n        result = self.doAction(search_stmt, ())\n        if result == False:\n            return False\n        return [{"id": eveCategory['cid'], "name": eveCategory['name']} for eveCategory in result.fetchall()]\n\n    def getArticleList(self, category, tag, page=1):\n        if category:\n            search_stmt = (\n                "SELECT article.*,category.name FROM `article` LEFT JOIN `category` ON article.category=category.cid WHERE article.category=%s ORDER BY -article.aid LIMIT %s,%s;"\n            )\n            count_stmt = (\n                "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `article` LEFT JOIN `category` ON article.category=category.cid WHERE article.category=%s;"\n            )\n            data = (category, 10 * (int(page) - 1), 10 * int(page))\n            count_data = (category,)\n        elif tag:\n            search_stmt = (\n                "SELECT article.* FROM `article` LEFT JOIN `article_tags` ON article.aid=article_tags.aid WHERE article_tags.tid=%s ORDER BY -article.aid LIMIT %s,%s;"\n            )\n            count_stmt = (\n                "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `article`LEFT JOIN `article_tags` ON article.aid=article_tags.aid WHERE article_tags.tid=%s;"\n            )\n            data = (tag, 10 * (int(page) - 1), 10 * int(page))\n            count_data = (tag,)\n        else:\n            search_stmt = (\n                "SELECT article.*,category.name FROM `article` LEFT JOIN `category` ON article.category=category.cid ORDER BY -article.aid LIMIT %s,%s;"\n            )\n            count_stmt = (\n                "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `article` LEFT JOIN `category` ON article.category=category.cid; "\n            )\n            data = (10 * (int(page) - 1), 10 * int(page))\n            count_data = ()\n        result = self.doAction(search_stmt, data)\n        if result == False:\n            return False\n\n        return {"data": [{"id": eveArticle['aid'],\n                          "title": eveArticle['title'],\n                          "description": eveArticle['description'],\n                          "watched": eveArticle['watched'],\n                          "category": eveArticle['category'],\n                          "publish": str(eveArticle['publish']),\n                          "picture": self.getPicture(eveArticle['content'])}\n                         for eveArticle in result.fetchall()],\n                "count": self.doAction(count_stmt, count_data).fetchone()["COUNT(*)"]}\n\n    def getHotArticleList(self):\n        search_stmt = (\n            "SELECT article.*,category.name FROM `article` LEFT JOIN `category` ON article.category=category.cid ORDER BY article.watched LIMIT 0,5"\n        )\n        result = self.doAction(search_stmt, ())\n        if result == False:\n            return False\n        return [{"id": eveArticle['aid'],\n                 "title": eveArticle['title'],\n                 "description": eveArticle['description'],\n                 "watched": eveArticle['watched'],\n                 "category": eveArticle['category'],\n                 "publish": str(eveArticle['publish']),\n                 "picture": self.getPicture(eveArticle['content'])}\n                for\n                eveArticle in result.fetchall()]\n\n    def getTagsArticle(self, aid):\n        search_stmt = (\n            "SELECT tags.name, tags.tid FROM `article_tags` LEFT JOIN `tags` ON article_tags.tid=tags.tid WHERE article_tags.aid=%s;"\n        )\n        result = self.doAction(search_stmt, (aid,))\n        if result == False:\n            return False\n        return [{"id": eveTag["tid"], "name": eveTag["name"]} for eveTag in result.fetchall()]\n\n    def getTagsList(self):\n        search_stmt = (\n            "SELECT * FROM tags ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 20; "\n        )\n        result = self.doAction(search_stmt, ())\n        if result == False:\n            return False\n        return [{"id": eveTag['tid'], "name": eveTag['name']} for eveTag in result.fetchall()]\n\n    def getArticleContent(self, aid):\n        search_stmt = (\n            "SELECT article.*, category.name FROM `category` LEFT JOIN `article` ON category.cid=article.category WHERE article.aid=%s;"\n        )\n        result = self.doAction(search_stmt, (aid))\n        if result == False:\n            return False\n        article = result.fetchone()\n        return {\n            "id": article["aid"],\n            "title": article["title"],\n            "content": article["content"],\n            "description": article["description"],\n            "watched": article["watched"],\n            "category": article["name"],\n            "publish": str(article["publish"]),\n            "tags": self.getTagsArticle(article["aid"]),\n            "next": self.getOtherArticle(aid, "next"),\n            "pre": self.getOtherArticle(aid, "pre")\n        } if article else {}\n\n    def getOtherArticle(self, aid, articleType):\n        search_stmt = (\n            "SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE aid=(select max(aid) from `article` where aid>%s)"\n        ) if articleType == "next" else (\n            "SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE aid=(select max(aid) from `article` where aid<%s)"\n        )\n        result = self.doAction(search_stmt, (aid))\n        if result == False:\n            return False\n        article = result.fetchone()\n        return {\n            "id": article["aid"],\n            "title": article["title"]\n        } if article else {}\n\n    def getComments(self, aid):\n        search_stmt = (\n            "SELECT * FROM `comments` WHERE article=%s AND is_show=1 ORDER BY -cid LIMIT 100;"\n        )\n        result = self.doAction(search_stmt, (aid))\n        if result == False:\n            return False\n        return [{"content": eveComment['content'],\n                 "publish": str(eveComment['publish']),\n                 "user": eveComment['user'],\n                 "remark": eveComment['remark']} for eveComment in result.fetchall()]\n\n    def addComment(self, content, user, email, aid):\n        insert_stmt = (\n            "INSERT INTO `comments` (`cid`, `content`, `publish`, `user`, `email`, `article`, `uni_mark`) "\n            "VALUES (NULL, %s, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, %s, %s, %s, %s)"\n        )\n        result = self.doAction(insert_stmt, (content, user, email, aid, hashlib.md5(\n            ("%s----%s----%s----%s" % (str(content), str(user), str(email), str(aid))).encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()))\n        return False if result == False else True\n\n    def updateArticleWatched(self, wid):\n        update_stmt = (\n            "UPDATE `article` SET `watched`=`watched`+1 WHERE `aid` = %s"\n        )\n        return False if self.doAction(update_stmt, (wid)) == False else True\n\n    def getPicture(self, content):\n        resultList =[eve[1] for eve in re.findall('<img(.*?)src="(.*?)"(.*?)>', content)]\n        return resultList[0] if resultList else self.getDefaultPic()\n\n\n    def getTag(self, tag):\n        search_stmt = (\n            "SELECT * FROM `tags` WHERE name=%s;"\n        )\n        result = self.doAction(search_stmt, (tag,))\n        return False if not result or result.rowcount == 0 else result.fetchone()['tid']\n\n    def addTag(self, tag):\n        insert_stmt = (\n            "INSERT INTO `tags` (`tid`, `name`, `remark`) "\n            "VALUES (NULL, %s, NULL)"\n        )\n        result = self.doAction(insert_stmt, (tag))\n        return False if result == False else result.lastrowid\n\n    def addArticleTag(self, article, tag):\n        insert_stmt = (\n            "INSERT INTO `article_tags` (`atid`, `aid`, `tid`) "\n            "VALUES (NULL, %s, %s)"\n        )\n        result = self.doAction(insert_stmt, (article, tag))\n        return False if result == False else True
\n

这里基本上是，这个项目需要的数据库增删改查的全部功能（admin 除外），在使用的时候，分为本地和线上：

\n\n \n 复制代码\n \n \n
try:\n    import returnCommon\n    from mysqlCommon import mysqlCommon\nexcept:\n    import common.testCommon\n\n    common.testCommon.setEnv()\n\n    import common.returnCommon as returnCommon\n    from common.mysqlCommon import mysqlCommon\n\nmysql = mysqlCommon()
\n

通过 python 的异常，如果导入没找到，那就说明是本地测试，如果 from mysqlCommon import mysqlCommon 找到了，那就说明是线上环境。除了数据库的公共组件，我还有 returnCommon 等公共文件。当然， 这些文件，在使用的时候也需要打包进入，可以在 yaml 中增加 include，例如：

\n\n \n 复制代码\n \n \n
Blog_Web_addComment:\n  component: "@serverless/tencent-scf"\n  inputs:\n    name: Blog_Web_addComment\n    description: 添加评论\n    codeUri: ./cloudFunctions/addComment\n    handler: ${Conf.handler}\n    runtime: ${Conf.runtime}\n    region:  ${Conf.region}\n    include:\n      - ${Conf.include_common}
\n

功能展示

\n

前台功能

\n
    \n
  • 列表页\n\"列表页\"
    • \n
  • 内容页\n\"内容页\"
    • \n
\n

后台功能

\n
    \n
  • 登录功能\n\"登录功能\"
    • \n
  • 列表页\n\"列表页\"
    • \n
  • 表单页\n\"表单页\"
    • \n
\n

项目部署

\n
    \n
  • 配置 serverless.yaml：
    • \n
\n\n \n 复制代码\n \n \n
# 函数们的整体配置信息\nConf:\n  component: \"serverless-global\"\n  inputs:\n    region: ap-shanghai\n    runtime: Python3.6\n    handler: index.main_handler\n    include_common: ./common\n    blog_user: Dfounder\n    blog_email: service@anycodes.cn\n    website_title: Serverless Blog System\n    website_keywords: Serverless, Serverless Framework, Tencent Cloud, SCF\n    website_description: 一款基于腾讯云Serverless架构，并且采用Serverless Framework构建的Serverless博客系统。\n    website_bucket: serverless-blog-1256773370\n    mysql_host:\n    mysql_password:\n    mysql_port:\n    mysql_db:\n    admin_user: mytest\n    admin_password: mytest
\n

除了上面的内容，还要看一下域名问题（例如 CosBucket）：

\n
# 网站\nCosBucket:\n  component: '@serverless/tencent-website'\n  inputs:\n    code:\n      root: website/dist\n      src: ./\n      index: list.html\n    region:  ${Conf.region}\n    bucketName: ${Conf.website_bucket}\n    hosts:\n      - host: 0duzhan.com\n        https:\n          certId: awPsOIHY\n          forceSwitch: -1\n      - host: www.0duzhan.com\n        https:\n          certId: awPsOIHY\n          forceSwitch: -1\n\n    env:\n      apiUrl: ${APIService.subDomain}
\n

以及 API 网关内容：

\n
# 创建 API 网关 Service\nAPIService:\n  component: "@serverless/tencent-apigateway"\n  inputs:\n    region: ${Conf.region}\n    customDomain:\n      - domain: api.0duzhan.com\n        isDefaultMapping: 'FALSE'\n        pathMappingSet:\n          - path: /\n            environment: release\n        protocols:\n          - http\n    protocols:\n      - http\n      - https\n    ........
\n

这两部分域名可以修改成自己的，或者删除掉这两个 key

\n
    \n
  • 执行init.py:
    • \n
\n

这里要注意，我是在 macOS 下开发的，init.py 可以在 macOS/Linux 运行，Windows 用户可能要适当修改一下。还有这里面需要一个依赖：pyyaml，需要自行安装一下。

\n
获取Yaml数据：  True\n建立数据库： True\n建立数据库： True\n初始化HTML： True
\n
    \n
  • 部署资源，执行 serverless --debug
    • \n
\n\n \n 复制代码\n \n \n
(venv) ServerlessBlog:ServerlessBlog dfounderliu$ sls --debug\n\n  DEBUG ─ Resolving the template's static variables.\n  DEBUG ─ Collecting components from the template.\n  DEBUG ─ Downloading any NPM components found in the template.\n  DEBUG ─ Analyzing the template's components dependencies.\n  DEBUG ─ Creating the template's components graph.\n  DEBUG ─ Syncing template state.\n  DEBUG ─ Executing the template's components graph.\n  DEBUG ─ Preparing website Tencent COS bucket serverless-blog-1256773370.\n  DEBUG ─ Starting API-Gateway deployment with name APIService in the ap-shanghai region\n  DEBUG ─ Using last time deploy service id service-23ybmuq7\n  DEBUG ─ Updating service with serviceId service-23ybmuq7.\n  DEBUG ─ Bucket "serverless-blog-1256773370" in the "ap-shanghai" region alrea\n\n  ………………\n\n     -\n        path:   /web/article/watched/update\n        method: POST\n        apiId:  api-gnvnrbyk\n      -\n        path:   /web/sentence/get\n        method: POST\n        apiId:  api-msvadsau\n      -\n        path:   /web/article/list/hot/get\n        method: POST\n        apiId:  api-kfkrjhim\n      -\n        path:   /web/tags/list/get\n        method: POST\n        apiId:  api-avydagem\n      -\n        path:   /admin\n        method: ANY\n        apiId:  api-4tnz5tc4\n\n  176s › APIService › done
\n

项目总结

\n

传统博客已经有很多了，无论是基于 PHP 的 zblog 还是 wp 等开源项目，都可以帮助我们快速搭建一个博客系统。除了这些博客系统之外，还有很多静态博客系统。但是就目前而言，基于 Serverless 架构的博客系统还是比较少见的。

\n

本文通过原生的 Serverless 项目开发与 Flask 框架的部署上 Serverless 实现了一个基于 Python 语言的博客系统。通过该博客系统，用户可以发布文章，自动撰写文章的关键词和摘要，还可以进行留言评论的管理。当然，这个博客系统仅作为工程实践使用，实际上还是有一些设计不合理的地方，但是我相信，随着时间的发展，Serverless 架构越来越成熟，基于 Serverless 的开源 Blog 项目或 CMS 项目也会越来越多，期待那一天的到来！

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

传送门：

\n\n
\n

欢迎访问：Serverless 中文网，您可以在 最佳实践 里体验更多关于 Serverless 应用的开发！

","tableOfContents":""},"previousBlog":{"id":"26fb7591-1527-5217-90a7-bc39c80f7186","frontmatter":{"thumbnail":"https://img.serverlesscloud.cn/202031/1583055662380-th.jpeg","authors":["Tabor"],"categories":["user-stories","guides-and-tutorials"],"date":"2020-02-19T00:00:00.000Z","title":"Serverless 架构与事件规范","description":"Serverless 架构与事件规范","authorslink":["https://canmeng.net"],"translators":null,"translatorslink":null,"tags":["serverless","Meetup"],"keywords":"Serverless 架构,Serverless 规范,Serverless 架构与事件规范","outdated":null},"wordCount":{"words":265,"sentences":62,"paragraphs":62},"fileAbsolutePath":"/opt/build/repo/content/blog/2020-02-19-Serverless-base.md","fields":{"slug":"/blog/2020-02-19-Serverless-base/","keywords":["serverless","函数计算","事件","Serverless","函数","架构","服务器","服务","Faas","serverlesscloud"]}},"nextBlog":{"id":"e4d496fa-1f43-52fe-97ed-a397afdf1f9c","frontmatter":{"thumbnail":"https://img.serverlesscloud.cn/20191226/1577362754931-egg.png","authors":["yugasun"],"categories":["best-practice"],"date":"2020-02-07T00:00:00.000Z","title":"Serverless + Egg.js 后台管理系统实战","description":"本文将介绍如何基于 Egg.js 和 Serverless 实现一个后台管理系统","authorslink":["https://github.com/yugasun"],"translators":null,"translatorslink":null,"tags":["Serverless","Egg.js"],"keywords":"Egg.js,Serverless后台管理,Serverless Egg.js","outdated":true},"wordCount":{"words":636,"sentences":119,"paragraphs":119},"fileAbsolutePath":"/opt/build/repo/content/best-practice/2020-02-07-serverless-admin-system.md","fields":{"slug":"/best-practice/2020-02-07-serverless-admin-system/","keywords":["go","koa","serverless","spa","vue","vuejs","website","website 组件","无服务器","云函数","role","serverless","Egg"]}}},"pageContext":{"isCreatedByStatefulCreatePages":false,"blogId":"0d3c3171-691f-55a7-9a9a-3a35d992f615","previousBlogId":"26fb7591-1527-5217-90a7-bc39c80f7186","nextBlogId":"e4d496fa-1f43-52fe-97ed-a397afdf1f9c"}}}